Metropolitan statistical area

Birmingham

AL  · 1.12M residents  · CBSA 13820

Total wealth · absolute mobility
18th percentile nationally

Higher is better.

County-by-county total wealth on absolute mobility. Color shows each county's position on the national distribution (how to read the map).

The five lenses at a glance

Each row shows where Birmingham sits on the national distribution for one economic concept across all three mobility measures.

Total income

All income a person receives, including wages and transfers.

  • α Absolute mobility 15th percentile
    National median: 50th percentileThis county: 15th percentile
    this county national median

    25.53 — Higher means children who started at the bottom reach a higher rank on average.

  • β Persistence 85th percentile
    National median: 50th percentileThis county: 85th percentile
    this county national median

    0.40 — Higher means rank sticks across generations — less mobility.

  • δ Extensive margin 91st percentile
    National median: 50th percentileThis county: 91th percentile
    this county national median

    The gap for children whose parents had zero of the resource vs. the lowest positive amount.

Labor income

Income earned from work (wages and salaries).

  • α Absolute mobility 15th percentile
    National median: 50th percentileThis county: 15th percentile
    this county national median

    31.01 — Higher means children who started at the bottom reach a higher rank on average.

  • β Persistence 80th percentile
    National median: 50th percentileThis county: 80th percentile
    this county national median

    0.38 — Higher means rank sticks across generations — less mobility.

  • δ Extensive margin 83rd percentile
    National median: 50th percentileThis county: 83th percentile
    this county national median

    11.70 — The gap for children whose parents had zero of the resource vs. the lowest positive amount.

Homeownership

The probability of owning a home (the extensive margin of housing wealth).

  • α Absolute mobility 19th percentile
    National median: 50th percentileThis county: 19th percentile
    this county national median

    53.12 — Higher means children who started at the bottom reach a higher rank on average.

  • β Persistence 77th percentile
    National median: 50th percentileThis county: 77th percentile
    this county national median

    0.47 — Higher means rank sticks across generations — less mobility.

  • δ Extensive margin 27th percentile
    National median: 50th percentileThis county: 27th percentile
    this county national median

    -11.13 — The gap for children whose parents had zero of the resource vs. the lowest positive amount.

Housing wealth

The value of housing assets a person holds.

  • α Absolute mobility 17th percentile
    National median: 50th percentileThis county: 17th percentile
    this county national median

    34.21 — Higher means children who started at the bottom reach a higher rank on average.

  • β Persistence 77th percentile
    National median: 50th percentileThis county: 77th percentile
    this county national median

    0.41 — Higher means rank sticks across generations — less mobility.

  • δ Extensive margin 71st percentile
    National median: 50th percentileThis county: 71th percentile
    this county national median

    -0.15 — The gap for children whose parents had zero of the resource vs. the lowest positive amount.

Total wealth

The total value of all assets a person holds.

  • α Absolute mobility 17th percentile
    National median: 50th percentileThis county: 17th percentile
    this county national median

    33.42 — Higher means children who started at the bottom reach a higher rank on average.

  • β Persistence 81st percentile
    National median: 50th percentileThis county: 81th percentile
    this county national median

    0.38 — Higher means rank sticks across generations — less mobility.

  • δ Extensive margin 82nd percentile
    National median: 50th percentileThis county: 82th percentile
    this county national median

    7.86 — The gap for children whose parents had zero of the resource vs. the lowest positive amount.

Constituent counties (7)

Raw α / β / δ values for total wealth across each county in the metro.

CountyStateα (absolute mobility)β (persistence)δ (extensive margin)n
BibbAL32.680.2922.38250
BlountAL44.410.2263.70650
ChiltonAL39.160.238-0.58500
JeffersonAL30.050.4479.336100
ShelbyAL40.470.3358.621400
St. ClairAL34.940.3157.35800
WalkerAL32.960.2836.15800

About the data

These estimates are small-area (Fay–Herriot) county-level mobility statistics from the working paper Lands of Opportunity (Binder, Risch & Voorheis 2026, NBER WP 35219). Metro values shown here are population-weighted means of constituent county estimates. See the methodology page for a full description, and the user guide for how to navigate the explorer.